SOME CRUCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF ADAPTIVE HABITAT SELECTION BY PREDATORS AND PREY: APPARENT MUTUALISMS, COMPETITIVE GHOSTS, HABITAT ABANDONMENT, AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE

Abstract

Numerous ecological models evaluate how predators influence the abundance of their prey. Prey dynamics in these models often reflect a compromise between prey reproductive potential, density-dependent competition, and the direct consumption of prey by predators. But predators and prey play a complex evolutionary game where prey behavior, and its effect on distribution and abundance, depends on predation risk. Risk is subsequently modified by adaptive predator responses. Many of the co-adaptive behaviors are likely to involve a spatial component where density-dependent habitat selection can mask prey competition. I explored the consequences of the predator-prey habitat-selection game with numerical simulations of two classical predator- prey models. Two species of prey and their predator attempted to maximize their fitness by choosing between two distinctly different habitats. The simulations included exogenous stochastic effects on prey density and explored large changes in individual parameters. Several ...