Abstract
The variables in six free-recall studies were the frequency of occurrence of a word within a single presentation of a long list of words, and the schedule of occurrences, either massed (MP) or distributed (DP). Recall of the DP words was much higher than that of the MP words. This was shown not to be due to rehearsal of other words during MP presentation. Degree of spacing of DP words had little influence on recall. The MP-DP difference also occurred in recognition memory. MP words presented with exactly the same frequency as DP words were judged to have occurred with far less frequency than the DP words, and it was concluded that the MP-DP difference was due to reception failure under MP which produced learning comparable to a lower actual frequency of presentation.
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