Abstract

A simple theorem is stated to expand the matrix element for a process concerning any number of photons or external electromagnetic fields into the independent gauge invariant terms. It turns out that the number of such terms is uniquely determined by the initial and final states of the process, regardless of the intermediate states and the type of interaction. We have, for example, 4, 14, and 10 independent gauge invariant terms for the production of spin and 1 mesons by photons and the Compton scattering, respectively. Some of the well-known absolute selection rules for meson decays can be also derived from this gauge invariant expansion theorem.

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