Abstract
Everyone knows what a circle is. It consists of all points in a plane at a fixed distance from a given point, called the center. Figure 1 represents a circle with center at the point 0 and radius unity. This circle will be quite important to us, and we wish to be on very friendly terms with it. We shall call it the circle K, to give it a convenient name. Take a good look at the points Y and Z on K. Notice that there are two arcs of K joining Y and Z. One is the arc YXZ, the other is the arc YWZ. These arcs have no points in common except their end points. Every point of K is on either the arc YXZ or the arc YWZ.
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