Abstract
A review of the author’s work on the study of the microphysics of rain is carried out. The effect of an anomalously high modulation of light scattered by oscillating drops of water, which consists in the formation of powerful pulses of light when illuminating an oscillating drop with continuous light and observation at scattering angles near a first-order rainbow, is described and explained. The anomalous scattering tracks obtained in the photographs provide information on the mass, average shape, mode, and amplitude of oscillations for each drop, by analogy with the Wilson camera. In field measurements, spatial selection of droplets by size was detected, when droplets of different sizes were grouped in different parts of space. The theoretical substantiation of the grouping of rain particles in space under the influence of wind gusts is carried out. It has been shown that the grouping and clustering of raindrops affects the relationship between radar reflectivity Z and rain intensity R. The influence of non-sphericity and oscillation of raindrops on the scattering of microwave radiation is studied. Polarization methods are proposed for enhancing or sharply reducing the contributions of the asphericity of raindrops to reflected radar signals.
Highlights
The non-sphericity of raindrops and the periodic change in their shape during gravitational fall in the atmosphere have been known for a very long time
This review describes a series of studies aimed at developing a new method for measuring the microphysics of raindrops under field conditions
A method has an analogy with the Wilson camera, which records the trace and properties of each particle in the collider. All these possibilities turned out to be associated with the effect of an abnormally high modulation of light scattered by oscillating drops, which was discovered by the author in laboratory studies
Summary
The non-sphericity of raindrops and the periodic change in their shape during gravitational fall in the atmosphere have been known for a very long time. A method has an analogy with the Wilson camera, which records the trace and properties of each particle in the collider All these possibilities turned out to be associated with the effect of an abnormally high modulation of light scattered by oscillating drops, which was discovered by the author in laboratory studies. During N = f / ∆f pulses, the phase of the droplet oscillation at the moment of illumination by pulses gradually rotated by 2π, prescribing a complete change in the scattered light during the period of vibration This technique made it possible to simultaneously register both the constant and variable components of the signal scattered by a drop. Oscillograms of light pulses formed by by an an oscillating drop in the fundamental mode of of
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