Abstract
The optical spectra of solids very rarely show extremely sharp features as obtained in spectroscopy of nearly isolated atoms. This is because of the high particle density of solids, which leads to overlap of the atomic orbitals and to the formation of energy bands, making their optical spectra rather broad, with any structure usually superimposed on a large structureless background. The lack of sharp structure is more noticeable, of course, in the case of materials with metallic and covalent bonding than for those with ionic bonding because of the smaller atomic orbital overlap in the latter. Experimental information about transitions in solids is important in order to understand how the many body interactions lead to the formation of their electronic band structure.
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