Abstract
The optical model of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs) based on the effective frequency method is applied to formulatesome guidelines useful for designers of nitride VCSEL resonators. Variousmaterials for resonator distributed Bragg reflectors mirrors areinvestigated, namely SiO2, TiO2, HfO2, MgO, Y2O3, ZrO2,GaN, AlN, and AlGaN. For pulse-operating nitride VCSELs, both dielectricresonator mirrors (preferably SiO2/TiO2 stacks) are recommended,whereas in the case of continuous-wave operation, the bottom dielectricmirror should be replaced by a semiconducting one (e.g. GaN/Al0.15Ga0.85N stack) to enhance heat extraction. It is shownthat the active region radius in the analysed lasers should not be lessthan 5 µm. The simulation also revealed that the barrier width has astrong influence on the threshold gain. Some thermoelectrical aspects ofdesign have also been addressed.
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