Sombor spectra of chain graphs

Abstract

We study the Sombor index and the Sombor spectral properties of chain graphs. In particular, an explicit formula for the Sombor index is given, the Sombor eigenvalues are discussed, bounds on the largest and the smallest Sombor eigenvalues are presented, chain graphs with the simple Sombor eigenvalue are characterized, formulae for the Frobenius norm and the determinant of the Sombor quotient matrix of chain graphs are given, the Sombor spread bound and the Sombor energy bounds are presented along with the characterization of graphs attaining them.