Somatotype: a more sophisticated approach to body image work with eating disorder sufferers

Abstract

This study sought to identify existing and desired somatotypes among eating disorder patients and controls based on the somatotype theoretical model, using a novel three-dimensional (3D) scanning approach. Sixty-three female adult volunteers comprising 31 eating disorder patients and 32 controls underwent digital photography and 3D body scanning as part of a larger body image study. Participants' existing somatotype was evaluated from the 3D scans. Each individual interacted with her 2D image using specialist software to generate ideal body shape area, which was mapped onto 3D body segments to construct a ‘virtual ideal physique’, which was then rated for somatotype. Existing somatotype differed between groups, with controls and bulimia nervosa patients having greater endomorphy and lesser ectomorphy than anorexia nervosa (AN) patients and those with eating disorders not otherwise specified. Desired physiques differed by group but reflected similar direction of change, with all groups wishing to be significantly more slender. AN patients sought the most linear physique compared with other groups, while controls sought the greatest change from existing physique. The somatotype schema is an effective method for assessing existing physique and aspirational changes in eating disordered patients, providing a new perspective on the ‘thin ideal’ for patients and clinicians.