Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in duck plasma, hypothalamus and neural lobe during post-hatch growth: comparison with plasma and pituitary growth hormone concentrations.

Abstract

Variations in the concentrations of plasma and pituitary GH were determined in ducks for 66 and 87 days after hatch, and compared with somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the plasma, hypothalamus and neural lobe. Plasma GH levels gradually decreased during growth, while pituitary GH content increased. The concentration of pituitary GH increased during the first 3 weeks of age and remained relatively constant thereafter. The decline in plasma GH concentration was paralleled by a similar fall in the level of plasma SLI. While the content of hypothalamic SLI increased during development, the SLI concentration was maximal at 14 days of age and lowest in adults. The content and concentration of SLI in the neural lobe, in contrast, increased progressively during development. Gel filtration of hypothalamic and neural lobe extracts demonstrated that both young and older birds had two main peaks of SLI, corresponding to somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28, and a third, larger form. The elution pattern of plasma SLI was similar in young and older birds and was principally composed of a large molecular species ('big' somatostatin), although an additional small peak eluting between somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 was eluted from a large pool of plasma from 90-day-old ducks. These results suggest that increased plasma GH levels in young birds do not result from a hypothalamic somatostatin deficiency nor from variations in molecular forms of SLI, and that the age-related decline in plasma GH concentration is not due to a deficiency in pituitary GH content. The decline in the circulating GH level during growth is probably due to an increase in hypothalamic somatostatin release.