Somatostatin receptor imaging for neuroendocrine tumors

Abstract

Tumors and metastases that express the somatostatin receptor subtypes sst2 sst3 or sst5 can be visualized in vivo after injection of radiolabeled octapeptide somatostatin analogs, like (111)In-pentetreotide. (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy also allows for more accurate staging of the disease by demonstrating tumor sites, which were not shown by conventional imaging. (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy may also detect resectable tumors that would have remained unrecognized using conventional radiological imaging techniques; it may prevent surgery with curative intent in those patients whose tumors have metastasized to a greater extend than could be detected with conventional radiological imaging and it may be used to select patients for treatment with the currently available octapeptide somatostatin analogs or with tumor targeted radioactive treatment with radiolabelled somatostatin analogs. (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy has also been used to select patients with pituitary tumors for medical treatment with octapeptide analogs, but its clinical usefulness for this purpose seems to be limited. It further allows scar tissue to be differentiated from tumor recurrence after the pituitary surgery or radiotherapy. However, a large variety of lesions in and around the pituitary region also express somatostatin receptors and, therefore, can be visualized by (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy.