Somatostatin-Mediated Regulation of Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells: Neurotransmitters Phenotype Characterization.

Sneha Singh,Rishi K Somvanshi,Ujendra Kumar

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020337

Sneha Singh, Rishi K Somvanshi + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020337

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Journal: Biomedicines	Publication Date: Feb 1, 2022
Citations: 4	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of British Columbia

Abstract

During brain development, neurite formation plays a critical role in neuronal communication and cognitive function. In the present study, we compared developmental changes in the expression of crucial markers that govern the functional activity of neurons, including somatostatin (SST), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), brain nitric oxide synthase (bNOS), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65) and synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin (SYP) in non-differentiated and retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We further determined the role of SST in regulating subcellular distribution and expression of neurotransmitters. Our results indicate that SST potentiates RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells and involves regulating the subcellular distribution and expression of neurotransmitter markers and synaptophysin translocation to neurites in a time-dependent manner, anticipating the therapeutic implication of SST in neurodegeneration.

Highlights

IntroductionThe process of neural differentiation and maturation is tightly regulated by an interplay between neurotransmitters, morphogens, hormones, growth and trophic factors, as well as transcription factors [3,4]
SH-SY5Y cells treated with SST alone prompt the neurite formation; neurite elongation was less prominent than retinoic acid (RA) alone
Neurite formation and elongation were significantly increased in cells treated with SST along with RA compared to RA or SST

Summary

Introduction

The process of neural differentiation and maturation is tightly regulated by an interplay between neurotransmitters, morphogens, hormones, growth and trophic factors, as well as transcription factors [3,4] To achieve such a diverse extrinsic cue for neurogenesis in an in vitro model is challenging due to the senescence of mature neurons. Previous studies suggest that different approaches of differentiation can influence specific neuronal subtypes such as adrenergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic (DAergic) [11,12] This property makes SH-SY5Y cells a valuable in vitro experimental tool to study neurological, in neurotoxicological experiments [5,10,12,13,14].

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