Abstract
Objective: Somatization symptoms are commonly comorbid with depression. Furthermore, people with depression and somatization have a negative memory bias. We investigated the differences in emotional memory among adolescent patients with depressive disorders, with and without functional somatization symptoms (FSS).Methods: We recruited 30 adolescents with depression and FSS, 38 adolescents with depression but without FSS, and 38 healthy participants. Emotional memory tasks were conducted to evaluate the emotional memory of the participants in the three groups. The clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI).Results: The valence ratings and recognition accuracy rates for positive and neutral images of adolescent patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (F = 12.208, P < 0.001; F = 6.801, P < 0.05; F = 14.536, P < 0.001; F = 6.306, P < 0.05, respectively); however, the recognition accuracy rate for negative images of adolescent patients of depression without FSS was significantly lower than that of patients with FSS and control group participants (F = 10.316, P < 0.001). These differences persisted after controlling for HDRS scores. The within-group analysis revealed that patients of depression with FSS showed significantly higher recognition accuracy rates for negative images than the other types (F = 5.446, P < 0.05). The recognition accuracy rate for negative images was positively correlated with CSI scores (r = 0.352, P < 0.05).Conclusion: Therefore, emotional memory impairment exists in adolescent patients of depression and FSS are associated with negative emotional memory retention.
Highlights
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic disabling condition characterized by abnormal mood changes
According to Beck’s cognitive model of depression, cognitive biases cause individuals with depression to partially remember, Somatization, Emotional Memory, Adolescents, Depression perceive, and pay attention to emotions, in particular, they selectively weaken the processing of positive information [3], which plays an important role in the development and maintenance of depression [4]
This study aims to examine functional somatization symptoms (FSS) in individuals with depression cannot be fully explained by organic pathology [14, 15]
Summary
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic disabling condition characterized by abnormal mood changes. In the last 20 years the relationship between depression and cognitive impairment in MDD has gained sufficient attention [2]. Emotional state affects memory function healthy individuals as well as individuals with emotional disorders, who are often impaired by negative emotion [7]. Both adults and adolescents with depression preferentially remember negative information [8,9,10] and are more likely to have negative emotional memory [11, 12]. In a study that utilized an intentional memory task, patients with MDD remembered more negative words than positive words, while the control group showed the opposite results [13]
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