Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis from explants from hermaphrodite papaya mother plants is an alternative for the production of true-to-type plants without the need for sexing. This study aimed to analyze hormonal and osmotic inducers in different somatic embryogenesis stages in the commercial hermaphrodite hybrid papaya UENF/Caliman 01. Leaf disks from in vitro shoots originated from ex vitro hermaphrodite plants were cultured in induction medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 μM) and 4-CPA (19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 μM). After 90 days, the formation of somatic embryos was verified. The 2,4-D induced the formation of light brown calli with low frequency (20%) of somatic embryogenesis. However, 4-CPA (25 μM) induced 96% of embryogenic calli, which were transferred to maturation medium (MM) and cultured for 30 days. The MM contained ABA (0.5 μM) and AC (15 g L-1) and produced 36.6 somatic embryos callus-1, mainly on cotyledonary stage. Cotyledonary embryos were transferred to germination medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.0, 1.44, 2.88, and 4.32 µM), and the conversion into plantlets was enhanced with GA3 at 2.88 µM.
Highlights
The culture of papaya (Carica papaya L.) is exploited by several countries, Brazil being its second largest producer and exporter, producing 1.5 million tons, in an area of 32,000 hectares, with average yield of 50 tons per hectare, second only to India, with production of five million tons
Brazil generates a revenue of 47.1 million USD with exports of 33.7 thousand tons a year, in which the state of Espírito Santo ranks first, averaging 12,000 tons exported per year, in which 25% are directed to the United States (USA) (Brapex 2016)
4-CPA induced the highest percentages of embryogenic calli, at the concentrations of 25 (96%), 28, and 31 μM (94%), with no statistical differences among them (Table I)
Summary
The culture of papaya (Carica papaya L.) is exploited by several countries, Brazil being its second largest producer and exporter, producing 1.5 million tons, in an area of 32,000 hectares, with average yield of 50 tons per hectare, second only to India, with production of five million tons. Among the main consuming countries of the fruit produced in Brazil are the United States (USA), England, Germany and Portugal (CnaBrasil 2016). Brazil generates a revenue of 47.1 million USD with exports of 33.7 thousand tons a year, in which the state of Espírito Santo ranks first, averaging 12,000 tons exported per year, in which 25% are directed to the USA (Brapex 2016). Among the hermaphrodite papaya plants of the group Solo, the cultivars Golden and Golden THB stand out. In the group Formosa, the hybrids Tainung 01 stand out worldwide and, UENF/ Caliman 01 (Calimosa) and cv. Rubi Incaper 511 stand out in Brazil (Costa et al 2013)
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