Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the morphogenetic responses of zygotic embryos of açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) submitted to several conditions of in vitro culture. Several research experiments were conducted, in laboratory, using vegetable material collected from açai palm plants at Embrapa Amazon Oriental, Belém-PA, Brazil. It was possible to verify the expression of a direct, repetitive and no-synchronized model of somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos cultivated in primary MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (339.36 muM) and transferred to a secondary MS medium in the presence of NAA (0.537 muM) and 2iP (12.30 muM). The conversion of somatic embryos into seedlings was reached after 210 days with the transfer of the cultures to a third medium with sucrose and mineral salts concentrations reduced to a half, without growth regulators.
Highlights
The açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) stands out among several native species in the Amazon area, due to their different uses and great potential of commercialization of products and co-products, fruits and “palmito”, in both national and international market
Several reasons were reported for the use of in vitro culture techniques with palm trees, such as the practical aid of the technique for morphogenetic studies and to accelerate programs of genetic improvement
Explants Two kinds of explants were employed: a) mature zygotic embryos excised from mature seeds; b) immature zygotic embryos from immature seeds
Summary
The açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) stands out among several native species in the Amazon area, due to their different uses and great potential of commercialization of products and co-products, fruits and “palmito” (heart of palm), in both national and international market. In the case of palm trees, the improvement programs are complex and take too long due to the extended cycle of the species, growth habit and absence of conventional methods of vegetative propagation by the absence of vascular cambium (Tisserat, 1987). In this context, the several techniques of in vitro culture, when integrated in programs of genetic improvement, become valuable instruments for the fast cloning of high genotypes and germoplasm conservation
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