Abstract
The effect of maltose and sucrose at 1, 3 or 6% (w/v) on maturation of somatic embryos of the conifer Abies nordmanniana was studied in five different cell lines. At all concentrations tested, maltose was superior to sucrose in terms of the number of mature somatic embryos formed as well as their germination percentage. Optinum maltose concentrations varied between 3.4 and 4.3% based on quadratic regression analysis. Mixtures of maltose and sucrose were not found to produce as good results as pure maltose. The addition of polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG-4000) to medium with 3% maltose further increased the yield of somatic embryos. The promotive effect of PEG-4000 was mainly exerted during the formation precotyledonary embryos. Germinated plants were hardened, established in soil and they resumed growth the following spring.
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