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Abstract
Uniform bismuth nanospheres were successfully prepared from bismuth nitrate in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) by solvothermal process. The product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray. PVP plays a critical role both as a reducing agent and a capping agent in the formation of bismuth nanospheres. Shape and size of bismuth nanospheres could be tuned by changing the employed PVP/bismuth salt ratio. It was also found the solvent had an effect on the morphologies of bismuth nanomaterials. The possible formation and growth mechanism of bismuth nanospheres were also discussed and proposed to explain the reduction step.
Highlights
Metal nanostructures with functional properties have been extensively studied due to their wide applications
We describe a solvothermal process for the synthesis of uniform bismuth nanospheres in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP)
In summary, uniform bismuth nanospheres were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal process by reduction of ethylene glycol (EG) solution of bismuth salt, using PVP both as a reducing agent and a capping agent
Summary
Metal nanostructures with functional properties have been extensively studied due to their wide applications. The alcohol [normally ethylene glycol (EG)] was used as both solvent and reducing agent to generate bismuth nanospheres with a wide size distribution [31,32,33,34]. A simple, low-cost approach for the preparation of uniform bismuth nanospheres is highly desired. It was reported that PVP was used as reducing agent in the preparation of noble metallic nanostructures [40,41]. In this synthesis, PVP acts as both reducing and capping agent. Characterizations The bismuth nanostructures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron. The samples for TEM observations were prepared by dispersing some of the solid products into absolute alcohol and sonicated for several minutes. The thermogravimetric and differential analysis was done by DIAMOND TG/DTA instrument (PerkinElmer Instruments, Waltham, CT, USA) with a heating rate of 10°C/min
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