Abstract
Nanocrystalline Sn3N4 produced under solvothermal conditions provides a stable, reversible capacity of ∼850 mA h g−1 in sodium half-cells. The charge storage mechanism appears to combine insertion, conversion and alloying steps.
Highlights
Use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electrical energy storage is undergoing rapid growth due to their high energy density and long cycling stability
Thermal decomposition of the formed metal nitrides is signi cantly reduced under solvothermal conditions, and the products are usually crystalline.[20,71,72]
The results presented here bring a deeper understanding of the Sn3N4 reaction mechanism in Na-ion cells
Summary
Use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electrical energy storage is undergoing rapid growth due to their high energy density and long cycling stability. Demand for battery grade lithium carbonate has up driven costs for manufacturing LIBs.[1,2] The renewed interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is in part due to the high abundance, low cost and wide geographical distribution of the alkali metal. For LIBs, the standard anode material is graphite, the larger ionic radius of sodium ions (1.02 Afor Na+, 0.76 Afor Li+) leads to sluggish reaction kinetics, lower capacities and poor cycling stability in sodium-ion cells. Other carbon materials in the form of amorphous and hard carbon are able to accommodate sodium ions, delivering reversible capacities of up to $350 mA h gÀ1.10–12
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