Solving singular perturbation problem of second order ordinary differential equation using the method of matched asymptotic expansion (MMAE)

Abstract

Modelling physical problems in mathematical form yields the governing equations that may be linear or nonlinear for known and unknown boundaries. The exact solution for those equations may or may not be obtained easily. Hence we seek an analytical approximation solution in terms of asymptotic expansion. In this study, we focus on a singular perturbation in second order ordinary differential equations. Solutions to several perturbed ordinary differential equations are obtained in terms of asymptotic expansion. The aim of this work is to find an approximate analytical solution using the classical method of matched asymptotic expansion (MMAE). The Mathematica computer algebra system is used to perform the algebraic computations. The details procedures will be discussed and the underlying concepts and principles of the MMAE will be clarified. Perturbation problem for linear equation that occurs at one boundary and two boundary layers are discussed. Approximate analytical solution obtained for both cases are illustrated by graph using selected parameter by showing the outer, inner and composite solution separately. Then, the composite solution will be compare to the exact solution to show their accuracy by graph. By comparison, MMAE is found to be one of the best methods to solve singular perturbation problems in second order ordinary differential equation since the results obtained are very close to the exact solution.