Abstract
Pulses have been designed using optimal control theory to overcome the problems associated with the observation of weak proton resonances in aqueous solution. Pulses are tailored to provide null excitation at the water proton resonance frequency with uniform excitation and phasing of other proton resonance frequencies. The pulse duration is reasonable, easily enabling study of nuclei with spin-spin relaxation time T 2 ⩾ 10 Ins. In general, effects from inhomogeneities in the stationary magnetic field and the radiofrequency field are minimal. The objectives were best achieved using a tailored 90° pulse in a Hahn spin-echo sequence, but a self-refocusing pulse with several desirable characteristics was also designed.
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