Solvent extraction flow-injection manifold for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of free cyanide and thiocyanate ions based upon on-line masking of cyanides by formaldehyde

Abstract

This study reports a sensitive solvent extraction flow-injection (FI) method for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of free cyanide and thiocyanate in human saliva and pralidoxime solutions. Cyanide and thiocyanate form colored ( λ max=540 nm) ternary complexes with copper and 2,2′-dipyridyl-2-quinolylhydrazone (DPQH) that are extractable into chloroform. The determination of thiocyanates in the presence of cyanides is accomplished after on-line masking of the latter with formaldehyde through a binary inlet static mixer (BISM). Total thiocyanates and cyanides are determined in a second run, without the use of the masking agent. The proposed method allows the determination of the analytes in the range of 0–4 mg l −1 thiocyanates and 0–3 mg l −1 cyanides, with the 3 σ detection limits being 0.007 and 0.004 mg l −1, respectively. The precision of the method ( s r<1.0% at 1 mg l −1 CN − or SCN −, n=12 in both cases) and the sampling rates were quite satisfactory (60 injections per hour). The method was applied to the analysis of human saliva and pralidoxime solutions and gave recoveries in the range of 98.0–102.2% for both analytes whereas the mean relative error was e r=1.7%.