Abstract
Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectra in the C{double bond}C stretching region are presented for {beta}-carotene and two of its derivatives, {beta}-apo-8{prime}-carotenal and ethyl {beta}-apo-8{prime}-carotenoate. The solvent effects on the Franck-Condon-active a{sub g} C{double bond}C stretching mode in the {sup 1}A{sub g}{sup {minus}} ground state (S{sub 0}) and the 2{sup 1}A{sub g}{sup {minus}} excited state (S{sub 1}) of each carotenoid are described. The C{double bond}C stretching frequencies in S{sub 1} are affected by the solvent and show a correlation with the absorption maxima of the S{sub 2} ({sup 1}B{sub u}{sup +}) {l arrow} S{sub 0} transition, while those in S{sub 0} are not significantly affected. These results are interpreted in terms of the vibronic coupling among the S{sub 0}, S{sub 1}, and S{sub 2} electronic states, the solvent effect on the energy of the S{sub 1} and S{sub 2} states, and the structures of carotenoid molecules.
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