Abstract
Chemically crosslinked hydrogel magnetorheological (MR) plastomer (MRP) embedded with carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) exhibits excellent magnetic performance (MR effect) in the presence of external stimuli especially magnetic field. However, oxidation and desiccation in hydrogel MRP due to a large amount of water content as a dispersing phase would limit its usage for long-term applications, especially in industrial engineering. In this study, different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are also used to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel MRP. Thus, to understand the dynamic viscoelastic properties of hydrogel MRP, three different samples with different solvents: water, DMSO, and their binary mixtures (DMSO/water) were prepared and systematically carried out using the oscillatory shear. The outcomes demonstrate that the PVA hydrogel MRP prepared from precursor gel with water shows the highest MR effect of 15,544% among the PVA hydrogel MRPs. However, the samples exhibit less stability and tend to oxidise after a month. Meanwhile, the samples with binary mixtures (DMSO/water) show an acceptable MR effect of 11,024% with good stability and no CIPs oxidation. Otherwise, the sample with DMSO has the lowest MR effect of 7049% and less stable compared to the binary solvent samples. This confirms that the utilisation of DMSO as a new solvent affects the rheological properties and stability of the samples.
Highlights
Magnetorheological (MR) material is a material that consists of magnetic particles embedded in a carrier matrix
carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) in the MR plastomer (MRP) without magnetic field were randomly distributed in the polymer matrix
The present study was designed to determine the opportunities of using different solvents in the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel MRP as an alternative to solve corrosion and desiccation problems as mentioned in previous studies
Summary
Magnetorheological (MR) material is a material that consists of magnetic particles embedded in a carrier matrix. The oxidation occurs due to the high utilisation of water as an aqueous swelling solution in the preparation of hydrogel [15,21,22,23] These disadvantages limit the application of PVA hydrogel MRP, especially for long-term applications in the engineering field. It is well known that the good mechanical properties and behaviour of PVA hydrogel MRP are influenced by the type and composition of solvents used [24]. The small difference in the Ms value is due to the presence of different organic compounds in each of the samples that influence the reduction of the magnetic moment in CIPs inside each of the samples [2]
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