Solvent and catalyst free azo-Michael addition under high-speed vibration milling

Abstract

Under the high-speed vibration milling conditions, the solvent and catalyst-free azo-Michael addition of chalcone derivatives and amines was found to proceed efficiently in excellent yields at ambient temperature in short reaction time. In most cases, conventional side reactions were avoided and thus quantitative yields were achieved. The influences of the vibration frequency and reaction time on the azo-Michael addition were investigated.