Abstract
Two-dimensional natural convection between two horizontal and coaxial cylinders is numerically studied. Flow patterns have been obtained by solving the non-linear system made of the steady Navier–Stokes and energy equations. Linear stability of each solution is evaluated by computing the maximum growth rate of the perturbations applied to the considered solution. A bifurcation diagram as a function of the cylinder temperature difference is proposed for air-filled annuli. Multi-cellular flow patterns as reported in the literature have also been observed, and the bifurcation thresholds associated with the onset of these flows have been evaluated. New kinds of instabilities which break the symmetry of the undisturbed flow have been found.
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