Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various industries, such as portable electronic devices, mobile phones, new energy car batteries, etc., and show great potential for more demanding applications like electric vehicles. Among advanced anode materials applied to lithium-ion batteries, silicon–carbon anodes have been explored extensively due to their high capacity, good operation potential, environmental friendliness and high abundance. Silicon–carbon anodes have demonstrated great potential as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries because they have perfectly improved the problems that existed in silicon anodes, such as the particle pulverization, shedding and failures of electrochemical performance during lithiation and delithiation. However, there are still some problems, such as low first discharge efficiency, poor conductivity and poor cycling performance, which need to be improved. This paper mainly presents some methods for solving the existing problems of silicon–carbon anode materials through different perspectives.
Highlights
With the development of social progress, increasing energy demands are becoming more urgent in various fields such as electronics, renewable energy generation systems and electric vehicles [1,2,3,4]
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) result indicates that superior cycle and rate performances of Si–reduced graphene oxide layer (rGO)/NCT are achieved with the well-protected Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) and excellent conductivity provided by the N-doping carbon and carbon nanotube (CNT)
The research on silicon–carbon anode materials is mainly aimed at the development of a higher energy density, greater charge–discharge performance, stable cycle performance and higher safety performance aspects, and the development of large-scale preparations of low cost, stable performance silicon–carbon composite materials
Summary
With the development of social progress, increasing energy demands are becoming more urgent in various fields such as electronics, renewable energy generation systems and electric vehicles [1,2,3,4]. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as candidates for the increasing demand of portable electronic devices and electric and hybrid vehicles due to their high energy densities and stable cycle life. 300%) upon full lithiation and the resultant expansion/shrinkage stress during lithiation/delithiation, which induces severe cracking of Si. The primary one is its huge volume change 300%) upon full lithiation and the resultant expansion/shrinkage stress during lithiation/delithiation, which induces severe cracking of Si This results in the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Si surface, and causes lithium trapping in active Si material, leading to irreversible fast capacity loss and low initial coulombic efficiency (CE). Graphite and porous carbon are potential anode materials with relatively small volume change (e.g. graphite’s volume expansion rate is about 10.6%) during the lithiation–delithiation process and have excellent cycle stability and electronic conductivity. The status of solutions for the problems that exist with silicon–carbon anode materials is reviewed
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