Solutions and techniques for conservative and effective use of arable lands in the Somesan Plateau

Abstract

The results presented in this paper were obtained in the experimental fields of agrotechnics discipline from the Jucu region in Cluj, on an argic - stagnic Phaoezem soil, with a humus content of 3.8% and a pH of 6.5. The soil tillage system made using plow, chisel, paraplow and direct sowing affects the quality of soil's structure by modifying the structure of macroagregate fractions and the percentage of microaggregates, identifiable on a 0-10 cm depth. In the first 30 cm the best degree of loosening was recorded on soils which had been plowed, where bulk density did not exceed 1.28 g/cm3, and the lowest loosening on soils sown directly where the values ​​ranged arownd 1.43 g/cm3. In variants tilled with chisel and paraplow the bulk density values ​​are practically equal 1.27-1.28 g/cm3. Soil resistance to penetration is significantly influenced on all depths. The highest value of the three cultures determined on the depth of 0-10 cm is recorded for direct seeding with values ​​of 980 kPa, followed by the unconventional variants tilled with paraplow and chisel of 767-877 kPa. Wheat production in the experimenal yers was influenced by the tillage system and rainfall so that in Somes Plateau’s conditions, productions ranged from 3887 kg/ha in the variant worked with plow and 3465 kg/ha for the direct sown variant. In the case of unconventional tillage variants, using chisel and paraplow, the productions were similar. The tillage system for the variants made using plow respectively chisel, paraplow and direct sow ensures soybean’s productions between 2310 kg/ha for the plowing variant, 2142 kg/ha for direct sowing variant and variants worked with chisel and paraplow ensure production of 2176-2234 kg/ha. Tillage systems with chisel and paraplow registered on maize production of 94.4-97.2% from the control variant tilled with plow. The difference in minus for the variants with chisel and paraplow is primarily attributed to the higher degree of weeds at the two ways of soil tillage. In the variant of direct sowing is only carried out 89.3% of the production of the control variant with plow, which calls into question the economic efficiency of this mode of tillage for maize crops in the conditions of Somesan Plateau. After the economic analysis of the three variants it can be found that in the case of wheat crops is achieved a profit of 2-8% and one of 4-12% for soybean, this profit made per unit area is motivated since energy consumptions is more reduced to three modes of tillage. For the maize crops the profits are lower in all three variants up to 8% as the number of plants per unit area is lower due to the uneven emergence.