Abstract
BackgroundThe main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of toothpaste formulations in giving total protection to the oral cavity. So, three important solution properties: surface tension, conductivity, and pH measurements, have been investigated for eight kinds of commercial herbal and non-herbal based toothpaste of Nepal. The study was extended to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of toothpaste formulations against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), and this was done by standard agar well diffusion technique. Amikacin (30 μg/disk) was used as a positive control to compare the antibacterial potency of the investigated toothpaste.ResultsThe surface tension of all toothpaste formulations increased with the decrease in concentration. However, the conductivity of the formulations decreased with the decrease in concentration. The highest pH of 8.24 was recorded for Dabur Super Salt (DSS) and all values were found to be higher in tap water solutions. All toothpaste formulations showed significant growth inhibition against both S. aureus and E. coli. The overall antibacterial sensitivity of Dabur Red (DR) is higher for S. aureus. The solid material content was found to be highest for Dabur Herbal Gel (DHG) and lowest for Pepsodent (PD).ConclusionThe findings of the present study showed all toothpaste formulations as effective in inhibiting the growth of tested bacterial species. Toothpaste formulations were found slightly alkaline, which favors bacterial growth inhibition. Increasing surface tension and decreasing conductivity value of toothpaste relative to a decrease in concentration favor its desirable cleansing action.
Highlights
The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of toothpaste formulations in giving total protection to the oral cavity
3.1 Solution properties The surface tension data of all the toothpaste formulations at their six different concentrations in distilled water (DW) and Tap water (TW) at room temperature are presented in Table 1 and Figures S1 and S2
The specific conductivity of toothpaste samples was measured at room temperature in both DW and TW, and the data are presented in Table 2 and Figures S3 and S4
Summary
The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of toothpaste formulations in giving total protection to the oral cavity. The dental problems have become a significant health problem in the leastdeveloped countries like Nepal, where the majority of the people are illiterate. Gingivitis is another oral disease whose prevalence increases with the age of the people. The post-aged people are more vulnerable to plaque-induced gingivitis [3]. These diseases are caused by oral biofilm formation, which generates a suitable medium for the growth of many microbiota. Some strains of S. aureus have been reported in the oral cavity that is associated with oral infections like angular cheilitis, parotitis, and staphylococcal mucositis [4, 5]
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