Solution‐Processable Three‐Dimensional Metamaterials with Ultrahigh Broadband Absorption for Photothermal Electronic Conversion

Abstract

AbstractMetamaterials are promising candidates for broadband light absorbers, but complex manufacturing procedures with expensive instruments have limited their practical applications. Herein, this work develops an all‐solution‐processed three‐dimensional (3D) metamaterial—based on a gold nanocage (GNC)/silk fibroin (SF) nanocomposite thin film—that achieves near‐unity (>94%) and broadband (350–2000 nm) light absorption. At a low particle density, the film exhibits a typical signal for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption at 856 nm, originating from its hollow geometrical shape of GNCs. In contrast, at high particle densities the films display ultrahigh broadband absorption, even in the non‐LSPR regions. This work attributes this behavior to the highly dense GNCs dispersed uniformly in the SF matrix acting optically as extremely fragmented metallic films, thereby retaining the highly absorptive nature of the metal while strongly suppressing its highly reflective properties. Moreover, the metamaterial absorber displays a desirable broadband‐light‐induced photothermal effect when illuminated with a halogen lamp. Finally, investigations into the photothermal electronic properties of this metamaterial combined with an Al/Si Schottky diode reveal an excellent photoresponse and photostability. The as‐designed systems can function at telecommunication wavelengths longer than the typical operation wavelengths of Si‐based devices. Such 3D metamaterial absorbers can be efficient platforms for various photothermal applications.