Abstract
ABSTRACT As shown in [10], multiple solutions may occur for upward flow for separated flow in a pipe without wall mass transfer. For the wellbore flow with wall inflow (production well) case, multiple solutions only exist for upward flow for the gas inflow-dominant case, whereas they may exist for upward, horizontal and downward flow for liquid inflow-dominant situations. The opposite is expected for the wall outflow (injection well) case. The transient models have been proposed for separated (stratified and annular-mist) gas–liquid flow in pipes or wells and successfully applied to validate, both physically and numerically, the correct solution of liquid holdup and pressure drop whenever multiple solutions exist for separated flow. Physical considerations and numerical simulation have shown that only the solution with the lowest liquid height (holdup) is physically realistic. The solutions corresponding to the intermediate and the highest liquid holdup may not be able to lead to a stable flow.
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