Abstract
Toxic effects due to high aluminum body loads were observed in a number of conditions following ingestion of Al-containing antacids. Bio-availability of aluminum depends not only on the solubility of the ingested salt but also on the physico-chemical properties of the soluble Al complexes formed in body fluids. Amino acids may, upon interaction with Al-salts, form absorbable Al-complexes. Hence, complex formation equilibria between Al3+ and either, L- histidine or L-tyrosine were studied by glass electrode potentiometric (0.1 mol/L LiCl ionic medium, 298 K), proton NMR and uv spectrophotometric measurements. Non linear least squares treatment of the potentiometric data indicates that in the concentration ranges: 0.5≤CA1≤2.0 ; 1.0≤CHis≤10.0; 2.5≤PH≤6.5, in Al3+ + His solutions, the following complexes (with log overall stability constants given in parenthesis) are formed: Al(HHis)3+(12.21±0.08); Al(His)2+, (7.25±0.08); and Al(HHis)His2+, (20.3±0.1). In Al3+ + Tyr solutions in the concentration range 1.0≤CTyr≤3.0 mmol/L and ligand to metal concentration ratio from 2:1 to 3:1, in the pH interval from 3.0 to 6.5 the formation of the following complexes was detected: Al(HTyr)2+, (12.72±0.09); Al(Tyr)2+, (10.16±0.03) and Al(OH)2Tyr , (2.70±0.05). Proton NMR data indicate that in Al(His)2+ complex histidine acts as a monodentate ligand but its bidentate coordination is possible with carboxylate oxygen and imidazole 1-nitrogen as donors. In Al(HTyr)3+ complex tyrosine is a monodentate ligand with carboxylate oxygen as donor. The mechanism of the formation of complexes in solution is discussed as well as their possible role in aluminum toxicity.
Highlights
Aluminum is generally regarded as toxic or detrimental element
High tissue load of aluminum may be found in patients with chronic renal failure who are treated by dialysis fluids that contain aluminum, or are given Al-hydroxide gels to control high plasma level phosphate
Patients with high tissue and serum level of aluminum may develop blood, bone or brain diseases which may be linked to the excess of aluminum 1]
Summary
Aluminum is generally regarded as toxic or detrimental element. The main sources of iatrogenic aluminum are aluminum-containing phosphate binders and aluminum-containing antacids administered to uremic patients or those with gastric or duodenal ulcer. Complex formation equilibria between AI3+ and either, L- histidine or L-tyrosine were studied by glass electrode potentiometric (0.1 mol/L LiCI ionic medium, 298 K), proton NMR and uv spectrophotometric measurements.
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