Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease that is associated with increased serum levels of markers of systemic inflammation. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a recently identified activating receptor on neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophage subsets. TREM-1 expression is upregulated by microbial products such as the toll-like receptor ligand lipoteichoic acid of Gram-positive or lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, sera from 12 COPD patients (GOLD stages I–IV, 51 6%) and 10 healthy individuals were retrospectively analyzed for soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) using a newly developed ELISA. In healthy subjects, sTREM-1 levels were low (median 0.25 ng/mL, range 0–5.9 ng/mL). In contrast, levels of sTREM-1 in sera of COPD patients were significantly increased (median 11.68 ng/mL, range 6.2–41.9 ng/mL, ). Furthermore, serum levels of sTREM-1 showed a significant negative correlation with lung function impairment. In summary, serum concentrations of sTREM-1 are increased in patients with COPD. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the relevance of sTREM-1 as a potential marker of the disease in patients with COPD.
Highlights
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive development for the most part irreversible airflow obstruction that involves an abnormal airway inflammatory response [1]
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a recently identified activating receptor on neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophage subsets
To evaluate the newly developed assay TREM-1-IgG recombinant human TREM-1::IgG1 and serum form a patient with sepsis were analyzed in serial dilutions since high levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) have been described in sepsis previously [22]
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive development for the most part irreversible airflow obstruction that involves an abnormal airway inflammatory response [1]. TREM-1 is produced in a soluble form [18] and released in humans after endotoxin exposition [19] or in patients suffering from severe pneumonia [20] or sepsis [21] In these critically ill patients, elevated levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) are detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or in plasma, respectively, and have a high accuracy and sensitivity in detecting microbial infections as underlying disease [20, 22, 23]. We developed a sensitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is able to detect pg/mL amounts of sTREM-1 in serum of patients Using this new TREM-1 specific assay, we assessed the amount of sTREM-1 released in 12 patients suffering from COPD and 10 healthy individuals for sTREM-1 and found elevated levels of sTREM-1 in patients COPD, which correlated with disease severity
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