Abstract
The soluble form of PD-L1 (sPD-L1) is related to a poor prognosis in various cancers. Comparisons of sPD-L1 and PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells in soft tissue tumor patients have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze serum sPD-L1 and PD-L1 levels in soft tissue tumor patients. A total of 135 patients with primary soft tissue tumors were enrolled in this study. The sPD-L1 level was quantitatively measured by enzyme immunoassay, and PD-L1 expression on high grade sarcoma cells was analyzed immunohistologically. There were no significant differences in sPD-L1 levels between benign (48) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients (87). In STS, the high sPD-L1 (>44.26 pg/mL) group had significantly lower metastasis-free survival (MS) and lower overall survival (OS) than the low sPD-L1 group (≤44.26 pg/mL) at 5 years using the log-rank test. On multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the high sPD-L1 group had significant differences in MS and OS compared to the low sPD-L1 group. Between positive and negative immunostaining groups, recurrence-free survival (RS), MS, and OS were not significantly different. No correlation was found between immunostaining and sPD-L1 with the Kappa coefficient. The sPD-L1 concentration could predict future metastasis and prognosis in STS patients. High sPD-L1 in STS patients may be a target for treatment with checkpoint inhibitors.
Highlights
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), which are derived from heterogeneous malignant neoplasms arising in the mesenchymal connective tissues, comprise
No treatment was performed for 1 patient with an malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs); this patient was excluded from the prognostic analysis
Since Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein, the relationships between PD-L1 expression on various cells in tumor tissues and prognosis have been reported in several malignant tumors
Summary
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), which are derived from heterogeneous malignant neoplasms arising in the mesenchymal connective tissues, comprise
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