Abstract
A major advance in the study of membrane-bound proteins was made by Henderson and Unwin when they published a 7 A resolution map of the purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium. The unique feature of this membrane is that its major protein, bacteriorhodopsin, forms a two-dimensional crystal within the plane of the bilayer thus making it possible to apply electron microscopy and diffraction techniques to this system. Most membranes do not form two-dimensional crystalline arrays, however, and other methods must be invoked for studying the functioning proteins associated with lipid bilayers.
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