Abstract
The solubility of bisacodyl at 288.15–308.15 K was determined by solid-liquid equilibrium in fourteen solvents commonly used in pharmaceutical production. The lowest solubility is in water, and the highest is in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and other solvents that have high dielectric constants and large dipole moments. According to the Kamlet-Taft linear solvation energy relationship model, the solubility of bisacodyl decreases with increasing hydrogen bond acidity (α) of the solvent. Experimental solubility data for the fourteen mono solvents and NMP + water binary mixtures were fitted to various theoretical models. In all considered cases, the dissolution of bisacodyl is endothermic and spontaneous. Based on solubility data in the NMP + water binary mixtures, water and NMP were respectively used as antisolvent and solvent to prepare bisacodyl nanosuspensions using liquid antisolvent precipitation. A nanosuspension with mean particle size below 100 nm can be prepared by adjusting the concentration of bisacodyl in NMP and the mass fraction of NMP in the mixed solvent. These solubility data and parametric models established for bisacodyl in mono solvents and mixtures could be very useful for the purification, crystallization, particle size control, as well as dosage form development of bisacodyl.
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