Solubility of 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid in Fourteen Pure Solvents over Temperatures from 278.15 to 323.15 K

Abstract

Through the saturation shake-flask technique, the solubility of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid in 14 pure solvents such as ethylene glycol (EG), ethanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), n-butanol, isobutanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), water, cyclohexane, and 1,4-dioxane was determined over the temperatures from 278.15 to 323.15 K at an ambient pressure of about p = 101.2 kPa. As the studied temperatures increased, the magnitude of mole fraction solubility of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid in the above pure solvents increased positively and followed the decreasing order as NMP > DMF > DMSO > ethanol > ethyl acetate > n-propanol > 1,4-dioxane > isopropanol > EG > isobutanol > n-butanol > acetonitrile > cyclohexane > water. The molecule interactions of solvent–solute and solvent–solvent were checked through a linear solvation energy relationship. The determined solubility was mathematically described by the Wilson model, Apelblat equation, NRTL model, and λh equation. The obtained root-mean-square deviation values and relative average deviation values were not greater than 52.93 × 10–4 and 6.04 × 10–2, respectively. Also, the mixing properties, reduced excess enthalpy, and activity coefficients at infinitesimal concentration were derived in terms of the Wilson equation.