Abstract
Five combinations of three ratios (PS9-sPS1, PS7-sPS3 and PS6-sPS4) were prepared with polysaccharide (PS) and sulfated polysaccharide (sPS). The antiviral activities of these compounds were subsequently compared in vitro using the MTT assay, observation of the virus structure and immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated that SP9-sCP1, CP7-sCA3, EP7-sAP3, CA9-sEP1 and EP7-sCA3 presented higher activities, and SP9-sCP1 displayed the highest virus inhibition rate and clearly killed the virus and inhibited viral antigen expression. In an in vivo test, 28-day-old chickens were challenged with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and were administered the five drug combinations. On day 14 after the challenge, the morbidity, mortality and cure rate in each group were calculated. The results indicated that SP9-sCP1 presented the lowest morbidity and mortality and the highest cure rate. These results indicate that Solomonseal polysaccharide and sulfated Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide synergistically resist NDV. Moreover, SP9-sCP1 had the highest efficacy and may be used as a new antiviral drug.
Highlights
Viral infectious diseases of animals are of worldwide concern because they cause great economic losses in the domestic animal and poultry industries
Our previous studies showed that the sulfation modification significantly improved the antiviral activity of several polysaccharides, such as astragalus polysaccharide, epimedium polysaccharide, lentinan, tremella polysaccharide and Auricularia auricula polysaccharide [8,9,10,11,12]
The antiviral activities of five PS-sulfated polysaccharide (sPS) combinations were compared at three different proportions according to the carbohydrate content
Summary
Viral infectious diseases of animals are of worldwide concern because they cause great economic losses in the domestic animal and poultry industries. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, but several infectious diseases occur despite intensive vaccination [1]. After an infectious viral disease outbreak, there are no effective cure methods. Several cytokines may have a curative effect, but there remain obstacles to their use, such as the cost for large-scale production, effective delivery, and retention of protein stability and bioactivity in vivo [2]. It is necessary to identify and develop new types of antiviral drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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