Solitons solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the left-handed metamaterials by three different techniques

Abstract

This paper, derives the exact traveling-wave solution and soliton solutions of nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) with higher-order nonlinear terms of Left-handed metamaterials (LHMs), the authors apply three different methods, namely: csch function method, the -Expansion method and the simplest equation method. The results obtained are Dark, Bright solitons and other solutions, which are well known in optics metamaterials and LHMs.