Soliton unveilings in optical fiber transmission: Examining soliton structures through the Sasa–Satsuma equation

Abstract

The exploration of higher-order and multicomponent extensions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation holds significant importance across diverse applications, notably within the field of optics. Among these equations, the integrable Sasa–Satsuma equation stands out for its captivating soliton solutions. The Sasa–Satsuma equation serves as a mathematical representation for describing the propagation of femtosecond light pulses through optical fibers. The breather, multiwave, combined dark–bright, singular, dark, bright and periodic singular optical soliton solutions are derived in this paper by using the 1φ(ϑ),φ′(ϑ)φ(ϑ) and multivariate generalized exponential rational integral function approach. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the essential fiber parameters essential for the emergence of these structures and offers visual representations of chosen solutions to elucidate their physical characteristics. The novelty of this work lies in the inaugural application of these methods to the Sasa–Satsuma equation and gives a significant advancement in the understanding of optical phenomena. This study not only opens avenues for further research but also introduces a fresh perspective on the Sasa–Satsuma model in the field of nonlinear physics with its applications in optical systems.