Soliton molecules in the kink, antikink and oscillatory background

Abstract

Via the Hirota method, we illustrate the transmission of soliton molecules in the kink, antikink and oscillatory background, which is possessed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with variable coefficients in the optical fiber system. In this complex context, conditions for the smooth transport of soliton molecules are found. The effects of phase shift on the soliton molecule are discovered. The elastic and inelastic collisions of dark and anti-dark solitons in the kink, antikink and oscillatory background are studied. Moreover, the controls of loss/gain coefficients on the kink, antikink and oscillation in the background are revealed. These studies have potential implications for the development of phase shifters and optical fiber communication.