Solid-phase extraction—Thermal desorption—Gas chromatography with mass selective detection for the determination of drugs in urine

Abstract

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was combined with thermal desorption (TD) and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis to determine drugs in urine. The extrattion was performed inside a fritted GC liner using about 5 mg TENAX that was inserted into the liner on top of the frit. After extraction, the liner was placed into the injector of the GC and the analytes were thermally desorbed by using a programmed-temperature vaporiser. Several sorbent materials were investigated for the applicability of SPETD-GC analysis. TENAX proved to be the most suitable sorbent, since hardly any interferences were observed and acceptable absolute recoveries (73 and 74%) were obtained for lidocaine and diazepam. A mass selective detector (MSD) in the selected ion monitoring mode allowed detection of lidocaine and diazepam down to 0.5 ng·mL−1 using 50μL urine. The use of only 5 mg of extraction material allowed rapid extraction, while a 10 m GC column provided a fast chromatographic system. As a results, the total analysis time was less than 20 min, including 5 min for drying the TENAX and 5 min for thermal desorption. Thus, SPETD-GC-MS appears to be a powerful tool for the rapid analysis of biological samples.