Solid-liquid phase equilibrium and solution thermodynamics of 2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in 16 mono solvents at temperature ranging from 273.15 K to 324.65 K

Abstract

Abstract The synthesis and separation processes of chemical intermediate is based on the knowledge of its solid-liquid phase equilibrium with solvents in industry. In this work, the solubility of 2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in 16 single pure solvents including methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl formate, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran was determined at temperature range from 273.15 to 324.65 K and atmospheric pressure. The mole fraction solubility of 2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in all selected mono solvents was enhanced by an increase in temperature. In addition, the experimental data were further correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, NRTL model and Wilson model. The values of RAD with NRTL equation were smaller than those with other three models, and thus the NRTL model offered the best fitting performance. The thermodynamic functions of dissolution including enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy were derived, and the results expectedly suggested a spontaneous and entropy-driven mixing process. All the crystallographic and thermodynamic data reported in this study provides the fundamental data for designing and optimizing of the reaction and crystallization processes of 2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide.