Abstract
In this research article we represented the results of the studies of addition of varying concentrations of Nickel ions on the physical, chemical and engineering properties of 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. The studies regarding different physical & chemical parameters of OPC like initial and final setting time of cement, bulk density, and compressive strength, microscopic and spectroscopic properties have been carried out and the result of these studies are presented and discussed in the manuscript. Different building products containing varying concentrations of added nickel ions were prepared and subjected to hydrologic environment to investigate the leaching behavior of nickel ions. The efforts have also been made to establish a quantitative co-relation between the concentration of added Nickel ions and the intensity of any effect in above properties of the cement also the possible fixation mechanism of Nickel ions in cement was suggested. Scanning electron microscopy and X- Ray diffraction study of nickel containing cement samples show that nickel have no greater effect on the cement properties. Ni does not show any effect on the hydration of cement & its main compounds but it slightly retards the setting process. Some amount of Nickel is found to distributed throughout to the C-S-H gel phase Nickel get adsorbed the interstitial phases of the cement and formed the insoluble nickel compound. The C-S-H phase of Nickel containing samples found denser than that of control samples.
Highlights
Industrialization is vital to a nation’s socio- economic development as well as its political stature in the international committee of nations
This type of waste is generated from metallurgical, mining, chemical, leather industry, distillery, sugar, battery, electroplating and pigment industry These include heavy metals such as nickel lead, cadmium and mercury, and toxic organic chemicals such as pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petrochemical and phenolic compound
Hydration of cement begins immediately as water is added into it but there is a period of time-several hours in which cement remains in fluid like state before setting as a rigid, load bearing material
Summary
Industrialization is vital to a nation’s socio- economic development as well as its political stature in the international committee of nations. The metal concentration in the waste is too low for economic recovery but high enough to represent toxicity hazards These industries discharge their waste without treatment or with improper treatment in the landfills. One of the most difficult problems in this process is that the hydration of cementitious materials is too retarded to set and harden enough due to the inhibition of hydration reaction of heavy metals in a landfill area It seems that Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) process would be the best practical technology to treat the nickel containing waste [11-31]. Efforts have been made to fill void in this data The results of these studies on the effects of addition of nickel on various properties of ordinary Portland cement are presented and discussed in this manuscript. X-Ray powder diffraction analysis was carried out by using the instrument from Rikagu, Japan to identify the crystalline phases present in the control as well as in metal containing cement samples
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