Abstract
Solidago species are often used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, wound-healing and antimicrobial agents. Still, the bioactive compounds and biological activities of some species have not been studied. The present work aimed to investigate the polyphenolic profile and the biological properties of Solidago graminifolia L. Salisb., a poorly explored medicinal plant. The hydroalcoholic extracts from aerial parts were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the polyphenolic compounds were investigated by HPLC-MS. The antioxidant potential in vitro was determined using DPPH and FRAP assays. Antibacterial and antifungal effects were evaluated by dilution assays and MIC, MBC and MFC were calculated. The results showed that Solidago graminifolia aerial parts contain an important amount of total phenolics (192.69 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (151.41 mg RE/g), with chlorogenic acid and quercitrin as major constituents. The hydroalcoholic extracts showed promising antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, with potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and important antifungal effect against Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis. The obtained results indicated that the aerial parts of Solidago graminifolia could be used as novel resource of phytochemicals in herbal preparations with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Highlights
The genus Solidago (Asteraceae family) contains about 130 species widespread throughout the world
Several in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the presence of polyphenolic compounds in plant extracts could be related with important biological properties, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, prebiotic-like, vasodilating activities [49,50]
Since flavonoids and phenolic acids are among the most important phytochemical constituents of Solidago species, we evaluated their content in several S. graminifolia extracts
Summary
The genus Solidago (Asteraceae family) contains about 130 species widespread throughout the world. (Canadian Goldenrod), S. gigantea Aiton (Giant Goldenrod) and S. odora Aiton in North America, S. chilensis Meyen in South America [1,2]. Various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, triterpenoid saponines, clerodane-type diterpenes, polysaccharides, and essential. The diuretic activity was attributed to flavonoids and leiocarposide [19,20,21], while the anti-inflammatory effect to phenolic compounds (quercitrin, hyperoside, leiocarposide) from Solidago species extracts [2,3,11,22,23,24,25]. The cytotoxic activity may be due to terpenic compounds present in Solidago sp. extracts: triterpenes, diterpenes and sesquiterpenes [26,27,28]
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