Abstract
The surface tension of selenium affects the adhesion of particles as well as organic polymers on its surface. However, owing to the difficulties in measuring solid surface tension directly, no data have been published. In 1967, the critical surface tension of hexagonal selenium was determined to be 32 dyne/cm at room temperature. That result has led others to believe that selenium is a low-surface-energy inorganic polymer. We redetermined the critical surface tension of amorphous selenium and found the value to fall within the same range. We then apply our recent theory on the effect of phase transition on liquid surface tension to calculate solid surface tensions of amorphous and crystalline selenium. The values so obtained are all higher than the critical surface tension value. For example, the surface tension of amorphous selenium is 125.6 dyne/cm at 20°C, while that of the extended-chain hexagonal selenium is 175.3 dyne/cm. Our results lead us to conclude that selenium is not a low-surface-energy material. Therefore, we should hereafter treat selenium accordingly when adhesion and other surface phenomena are concerned.
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