Solid-state nanopore-based DNA single molecule detection and sequencing

Abstract

Nanopores have been used as ultrasensitive tools in sequencing of DNA, in RNA and protein conformation studies, diagnosis, drug screening, and in environmental monitoring. This review (with 128 refs.) summarizes recent progress on solid-state nanopore-based DNA single-molecule detection and sequencing. Following a description of the principles of the technique, we focus on the fabrication of solid-state nanopores. We then treat the spatial and temporal resolution that can be accomplished with them in terms of DNA translocation and sequencing. Finally, we summarize novel methods for detection such as tunneling current sensing and multichannel sensing, and then end up with a conclusion on developments and prospects of future nanopore technology.