Abstract
Three new crosslinked polystyrene nanoparticles covalently attached with low lattice energy lithium salt moieties were synthesized: poly(styrene lithium trifluoromethane sulphonyl imide) (PSTFSILi), poly(styrene lithium benzene sulphonyl imide) (PSPhSILi), and poly(styrene lithium sulfonyl-1,3-dithiane-1,1,3,3-tetraoxide) (PSDTTOLi). A series of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were formulated by mixing these lithium salts with high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The crosslinked nano-sized polymer salts improved film strength and decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer electrolyte membranes. An enhancement in both ionic conductivity and thermal stability was observed. For example, the SPE film containing PSTFSILi displayed ionic conductivity of 7.52 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature and 3.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 70 °C, while the SPE film containing PSDTTOLi showed an even better performance of 1.54 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and 3.23 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 70 °C.
Highlights
Over the past two decades, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been strongly considered worldwide as the most reliable sustainable energy storage systems [1,2]
The electrochemical stability of the solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) membranes was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a potentiostat/galvanostat (Solartron impedance analyzer)
Our results show that the thermal stability of in the order PSTFPhLi > PSDTTOLi > PSTFSILi
Summary
Over the past two decades, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been strongly considered worldwide as the most reliable sustainable energy storage systems [1,2]. Recent studies involving polymer nanoparticles containing composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) have received great attention because of their superior electrolytic properties such as high amorphous content, low Tg, and high thermal and mechanical properties [18,19]. In light of this development, in this research study, we designed and synthesized three types of crosslinked polystyrene nanoparticles containing covalently functionalized lithium salt moieties (PSLSs) for the purpose of destroying the crystallinity of PEO-based electrolytes, leading to higher ionic conductivity. The addition of a plasticizer has been extensively used to improve the ionic conductivity of PEO-based SPEs [16]
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