Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry for the analysis of haloacetic acids in water

Abstract

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was studied as a possible alternative to liquid–liquid extraction for the analysis of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in water. The method involves derivatization of the acids to their ethyl esters using sulphuric acid and ethanol after evaporation, followed by headspace SPME with a polydimethylsiloxane fibre and gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT-MS). The derivatization procedure was optimized: maximum sensitivity was obtained with esterification for 10 min at 50°C in 30 μl of sulphuric acid and 40 μl of ethanol. The headspace SPME conditions were also optimized and good sensitivity was obtained at a sampling temperature of 25°C, an absorption time of 10 min, the addition of 0.1 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate and a desorption time of 2 min. Good precision (RSD lower than 10%) and detection limits in the ng l −1 range (from 10 to 200 ng l −1) were obtained for all the compounds. The optimized procedure was applied to the analysis of HAAs in tap water and the results obtained by standard addition agreed with those of EPA method 552.2, whereas discrepancies due to matrix interferences were observed using external calibration. Consequently, headspace SPME–GC–IT-MS with standard addition is recommended for the analysis of these compounds in drinking water.