Abstract
A series of solid and macroporous N-doped carbon nanofibers composed of Fe3C nanoparticles (named as solid Fe3C/N-C NFs, solid Fe3C/N-C NFs-1, solid Fe3C/N-C NFs-2, macroporous Fe3C/N-C NFs, macroporous Fe3C/N-C NFs-1 and macroporous Fe3C/N-C NFs-2, respectively) were prepared through carbonization of as-electrospun nanofiber precursors. The results show that the magnetic Fe3C nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed homogeneously on the N-doped carbon fibers; as-prepared six materials exhibit excellent microwave absorption with a lower filler content in comparison with other magnetic carbon hybrid nanocomposites in related literatures. Particularly, the solid Fe3C/N-C NFs have an optimal reflection loss value (RL) of −33.4 dB at 7.6 GHz. For solid Fe3C/N-C NFs-2, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) at RL value below −10 dB can be up to 6.2 GHz at 2 mm. The macroporous Fe3C/N-C NFs have a broadband absorption area of 4.8 GHz at 3 mm. The EAB can be obtained in the 3.6–18.0 GHz frequency for the thickness of absorber layer between 2 and 6 mm. These Fe3C–based nanocomposites can be promising as lightweight, effective and low-metal content microwave absorption materials in 1–18 GHz.
Highlights
Following rapid development of electronic science and technology, widespread use of electronic devices in wireless communications, high-frequency circuit components and other related fields[1,2,3]
The iron oxide reacts with carbon to form Fe3C nanoparticles, the final sample of N-doped carbon nanofibers composed of Fe3C nanoparticles was produced[28,29]
The crystallographic features of the synthesized representative products were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometer (Fig. 2)
Summary
Following rapid development of electronic science and technology, widespread use of electronic devices in wireless communications, high-frequency circuit components and other related fields[1,2,3]. The CNFs/Fe absorbers exhibited super-duper EM wave absorbing ability on the basis of a lowest RL value (−67.5 dB) with merely 5 wt% filler loading[11] Among these microwave-absorbing materials, carbon-based composite microwave-absorbing materials comprising of carbon and magnetic particles have been attracting increasing attention, including Fe3O4 multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNTs)[9], Fe3C/CNT nanocomposites[12] and porous Co/CNTs13. The solid Co/N-doped carbon nanocomposites show a strong absorbing property of −24.5 dB at 3 mm with 10 wt% filler loadings Because these materials have large EM losses, which can effectively improve EM wave absorption, and can overcome the disadvantages of magnetic components with a high density[13,14,15,16,17]. The as-prepared lightweight magnetic carbon hybrid nanocomposites will be valuable in different EM absorbing areas due to their superior EM absorption performance
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