Solid and Liquid Biofuels from Waste and Biomass: Production, Characterization and Combustion

Abstract

This chapter reviews the subject of the production, characterization, and combustion of renewable waste and biomass to form solid and liquid biofuels. Biomass is the fourth-largest energy source in the world and supplies about 10% of the global primary energy demand of the world. Biomass includes products and waste originating from agriculture, forestry and related industries, and municipal wastes. Researchers are interested in using biomass as fuel, which usually requires pretreatment such as torrefaction and thermal pyrolysis to improve feedstock quality. This chapter introduces solid and liquid biofuels and is divided into six parts. The first part introduces biomass and waste. The second part overviews solid and liquid biofuels. The third part explains the production methods of solid and liquid biofuels. The fourth part deals with solid and liquid biofuels’ characterization including heating value, approximate analysis, elemental analysis, pH value, etc. The fifth part discusses the combustion of solid and liquid biofuels, and the final part addresses the concluding remarks.